By: Maya Vossen-Nelson
Nearly 6.8 million people donate blood per year in the United States, providing vital resources and support to cancer patients, surgeries, accident and burn victims, and organ transplant patients. In July 2024, the American Red Cross reported a record low in donor participation dropping by 25%. This shortage began during a nationwide heat wave over the summer and donor numbers have not returned to their normal levels since.
Recently, factors such as climate disasters have increased the demand for blood units and the drop in donations are unable to replace the inventory. Blood centers are reporting that limited donor sites, loss of staffing at blood centers, new illness and medication constraints for donation eligibility, along with a decrease in workplace donation events since the rise of remote working have all contributed to lower donor numbers.
Blood shortages are a pressing symptom of the overburdened, under-resourced healthcare system. As of March 4, 2025, of the 53 community blood centers and 90 hospital based blood centers in the United States, 46% have less than a two-day supply of blood.
Amid these unresolved blood shortages, surgeons have turned to blood supply usage efficiency as a method of mitigating the lower supply consequences. Adoption of Patient Blood Management (PBM) policies currently include using preoperative strategies to increase red cell mass, intraoperative cell salvage, and the management of anemia in patients.
To most patients, this medical jargon carries little meaning, overshadowing its influence in medicine. The Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) describes the importance of, and medical situations where, PBM is used: “PBM encompasses all aspects of the transfusion decision-making process, beginning with the initial patient evaluation and continuing through clinical management. These techniques are designed to ensure optimal patient outcomes, while maintaining the blood supply to guarantee that blood components are available for patients when they are needed.”
Preoperative strategies to increase red cell mass include pre-op testing 3 to 4 weeks in advance of the surgery to undergo blood testing and receive proper supplements or medication to resolve anemia.
On average, patients with anemia require an additional liter of blood during surgeries and require longer hospital stays compared to their counterparts. Given that 22.8% of people worldwide are anemic, resolving anemia even temporarily for a surgery would significantly decrease pressure on blood centers.
Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is a method used during surgery to collect red blood cells lost during surgery and reintegrating them into the body. Before the blood transfusion, the red cells are processed and repaired. This blood management method requires no additional blood.
These strategies have increased the ability for blood centers to cope with the blood shortages, but the ultimate fix is recruiting more donors. Of the 37% of eligible donors, only 3% choose to donate. Your donation is more important than ever. To schedule a blood donation with the American Red Cross visit: https://www.redcrossblood.org and select from countless donor drives near you.
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